The objectives for this symposium are: 1) Explore crucial mechanisms of signal transduction organization, including chaperone/sequestering proteins, scaffold proteins, endocytosis, and selective signaling regulator interaction; 2) Emphasize the importance of these understudied mechanisms in fields of interest, including opioid signaling, serotonin neurophysiology, and cancer survival signaling; 3) Illustrate the need for future study into the mechanisms of signal transduction regulation, and how these mechanisms influence physiological outcomes; 4) Suggest novel means by which signal transduction can be manipulated to improve therapeutic outcomes; and 5) Illustrate common themes and mechanisms of signaling regulation between the receptors and physiological processes explored.