Nrf2 gene encodes a transcription factor known for regulating antioxidant and detoxification genes. Genome wide studies have revealed Nrf2 control over 600 genes, including genes for anabolic metabolism, cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling. Keap1 mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination can be hijacked by small molecules from natural products for inducing Nrf2 and tissue protection. Keap1 independent mechanisms have been recently reported for Nrf2 activation and tissue protection. Mutation or hyperactivation consists the dark side of Nrf2 due to its participation in cancer cell proliferation and resistance to treatment. The symposium presents the latest findings from the experts in Nrf2 research.